It is the … Yet it can be a harsh and difficult place as well, battered by waves, soaked in salty sea spray, and constantly changed by tides and erosion. As a result, 74% of the remaining populations now live in the Santa Barbara and Zuma littoral cells. They like to stay close together or aggregate; so, look for the textured sand caused by tiny holes in the sand at the water’s edge. Their habitat is never confined to one location; they can move any direction on the beach to follow changes in beach width and conditions. The dominant taxa of sandy beach meiofauna are nematodes and harpacticoid copepod with other important groups including turbellarians, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, ostracods and tardigdades. This article describes the habitat of sandy shores. In central California, it is appropriate to add an additional zone, the swash zone, which is dominated by the sand crab Emerita analoga (Oakden and Nybakken 1977; Figure 1 ). The majority of the intertidal animals have a high tolerance to variability in their environment, even exceeding what is necessary for survival in their particular habitats. Most are too tiny to see, but they represent more than half of Earth’s major animal groups (phyla). A more comprehensive introduction to beach formation is given in Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes. It can be important to the macrofauna. On land the vegetation on sand dunes is an important component of the coast, building and binding sand, and providing food and shelter for insects, reptiles, birds and mammals. The finer a sand the greater its porosity. The beach is a miserable place for animals to live. At low tide, the area is an exposed rocky or sandy beach. Calcium carbonate particles sink more slowly in water due to their more irregular shapes, even if their density is higher. They don't all live on sandy beaches because some animals have adaptations that help them live in different areas of the world. Another problem for intertidal animals is the time of reproduction. Beaches also provide important coastal recreational areas for a many people. Organisms living on sandy shores have adapted to this dynamic environment. It is an extremely dynamic environment where sand, water and air are always in motion. The macrofauna community consists of organisms too large to move between the sand grains. Permeability is the rate of flow or drainage of water through the sand. If their habitat is lost they are unable to move to a new location. They eat sand as they burrow, like earthworms, getting food from the accompanying organic material. Speckled sanddab are a type of fish that live nearshore. It allowed me, for the first time, to meet the living creatures behind all of Sanibel's beautiful seashells. The two basic beach types are dissipative and reflective. 1-What Lives on the Sandy Beach, 2-Life on the Rocky Shores, 3-Salt Marsh and Plankton, and 4-Ichthyology. One important opportunity is Ormond Beach in Oxnard, CA. P. 373, Knox G.A. Beaches & Tidal Flats. Pigface grows in sandy places. All species must be able to burrow into the substratum. The high tide line has animals associated with wrack, including: The water table outcrop (where damp sand meets saturated sand) often has: Sand crabs (aka mole crabs) are bizarre critters. Indeed, without plants, we wouldn't have dunes as we know them at all. These small creatures swim, scud, hop and crawl up and down the beach, travelling many meters a day. Although harvest limits are low and populations in most sandy beaches are not large enough to support extensive harvesting,  clams are harvested both recreationally and commercially for food. Intertidal filter-feeders cannot feed while the tide has retreated. In contrast to the wave-swept beach surface inhabited by most of the macrofauna, the interstitial system is truly three-dimensional, often having great vertical extent in the sand. At high tide, the area is covered in water. The macrofauna of sandy beaches includes most major invertebrate taxa although it has been recognised that molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes are the most important. Many burrow in the sand for protection from waves or to prevent drying out during low tide. Beaches serve as buffer zones or shock absorbers that protect the coastline, sea cliffs or dunes from direct wave attack. They are flat, brown and spotted to look like sand. There is a difference between directional stimuli (such as light, slope of the beach, water currents) and nondirectional stimuli (such as disturbance of the sand, changes in temperature, hydrostatic pressure). The ecology of seashores. Their vacuum-like feeding behavior helps to clean and aerate the sand. Sandy shores or beaches are loose deposits of sand, including some gravel or shells, that cover the shoreline in many places. [2], The distribution and abundance of the sediment infauna is mostly controlled by complex interactions between the physicochemical and biological properties of the sediment. They are characterised by a large number and diversity of animals such as crabs, pipis and worms, living in or on the upper sand layers. Macrofauna of sandy beaches are often abundant and, in some cases, attain exceptionally high densities. There is a tendency for crustaceans to be more abundant on tropical sandy beaches or more exposed beaches and molluscs to be more abundant on less exposed and on temperate beaches although there are many exceptions of this and polychaetes are sometimes more abundant than either of these taxa. Conservation issues are incorporated in all classes. Sandy and mud beaches occupy a dynamic position between sea and land. When the tide retreats, waste products, eggs and larvae are taken away. Other species move up and down the beach with the tides. Burrowers such as bivalves and crabs live in protected tunnels in the sand. Mullet, sand smelt and seabass are also common visitors. According to circumstances, animals can modify their behavior. Swash and tides supply nutrients and food. This is because the animals must not be swept away by uprushing and downrushing water. Dunes are "an accumulation of wind-blown sand", however, coastal plants help stabilize the dunes. Shellfish is a term used to refer to aquatic invertebrates such as crustaceans, mollusks, and echinoderms. Credit: Jane Fraser Left to their own devices, sand dunes are rich with animals and plants. (1980) & Smith and Carlton (1975) for animals. Only a few species of small crustaceans, such as sand-hoppers and the tube-worm Nerine cirratulus, are capable of surviving in these severe conditions. The quartz particles are generally more rounded. Many species of worms, snails, clams, oysters, mussels and seastars make the intertidal zone their home. The high and low tides create a space on the shore called the intertidal zone. Birds. There is a full array of living organisms from bacteria, fungi, microphythobenthos, and protozoa to extremely specialized metazoan on the beach. Beaches (sandy beaches) are not just piles of sand, they are home to numerous species, they have important linkages with adjacent ecosystem. A variety of clams live in the lower intertidal zone of sandy beaches, including bean clams, Pismo clams and razor clams. In contrast with rocky shores, desiccation is not an overriding concern, because the animals can retreat into the substratum or below the water table. Directional stimuli act as orientational signs, while nondirectional stimuli act as releasing factors. Generally crustaceans dominate the sands towards the upper tidal level and molluscs the lower down level [2]. Other small animals, such as two intertital roly ... Wrack Community. Others are just visitors, such as birds and This winter, Cristina and I spent a crazy week at the beach in Sanibel Island, Florida. Bearberry. They are called blood worms because of the red color of their bodies. Seals use several areas of the beach for nesting, molting, breeding and raising pups. In fact, thousands of mobile animals live along every foot of the shoreline. Academic press – Elsevier. Sandy Beach Life. Surf crabs, pipis and cockles, and tiny amphipod and isopod crustaceans are all found in the surf zone of sandy beaches, while further up the intertidal zone sand fleas live among rotting seaweed along with dozens of crab species. Terrestrial insects and vertebrates are frequently ignored in accounts of sandy beaches. This 4,730-gallon tank replicates the unique habitat formed by docks and piers where anemones and mussels encrust the human-made features and Dungeness Crabs scuttle along the bottom. lugworm … See Latitudinal biodiversity patterns of meiofauna from sandy littoral beaches for a more detailed description of the latitudinal biodiversity patterns of meiofauna on sandy beaches. Generally, beaches where these roly polies are found are home to a list of species with similar life histories and vulnerable to decline; thus, suggesting these isopods are a good indicator of beaches with high biodiversity and other rare species. It is the volume of water needed to saturate a given weight of dry sand. They make up a large portion of the world’s ice-free coastlines. Physical factors, primary wave action and particle size of the sand largely determine distribution and diversity of the invertebrate macrofauna of sandy beaches. There are also species that follow the lunar cycle to reproduce at the right time. They can be found up to about eight inches in depth. Campus MapTerms of ServicePrivacyAccessibility, © 2020 The Regents of the University of California, Upper beach isopods (roly polies) burrow from the high tide line and up to older dried wrack piles, Beetles, including flightless species, in wrack piles (many of these eat fly larvae and beachhoppers), Beach-hoppers in burrows in damp sand below and around the high tide (and in fresh wrack), Sand crabs and clams are found burrowed below the saturated sand. TOP 1 Flamingo Beach: Renaissance Island, (Aruba) Renaissance Island, owned by the Renaissance … The porous system averages about 40% of the total sediment volume. This ranges from very sheltered over sheltered and exposed to very exposed. As in all intertidal zones, any given spot in the intertidal zone changes from submerged, at high tide, to exposed, dry conditions during low tide – a radical change in habitat over a short timeframe. Most invertebrate phyla are represented on sandy beaches, either as interstitial forms or as members of the macrofauna [2]. [3]. Mollusca is the 2nd largest phylum of invertebrates after Arthropoda, consisting of over 85,000 known species. These animals may vary from a few mm to 20 cm in length. Biological sand comes from the breakdown of coral skeletons, shells, and other hard body parts from marine plants and animals. A couple of moving beach “landmarks” known as the “high tide line” and the “water table outcrop”shown here at low tide and high tide can help you locate some characteristic sand dwellers. The predominant feeding types are filter-feeding and scavenging. Sandy beaches are soft shores formed by deposition of particles that have been carried by currents and waves. p. 557, Coastal Hydrodynamics And Transport Processes, Latitudinal biodiversity patterns of meiofauna from sandy littoral beaches, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:2005-06-26-Middelkerke-55.jpg, http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Sandy_shore_habitat, http://www.marinespecies.org/i/index.php?title=Sandy_shore_habitat&oldid=76845, About MarineSpecies Introduced Traits Wiki, Website and databases developed and hosted by, Flushing rate of water through the sediment, Reproductive effects on dispersal and settlement, Behavior that induces movement and aggregation, Interspecific competition and competitive exclusion, For an overview of contributions by this author see. Crustaceans include animals such as lobsters, crabs, crayfish, prawns, shrimps, barnacles, woodlice, and krill. Fine-grained sand beaches tend to be gently sloping and quite flat. Many sheltered-shore animals are facultative anaerobes as an adaptation to ebb tides. Living in beach sand can be tough. moving sand on the beach forms a very rich and productive intertidal habitat, particularly in California. Panic Grass can sustain ocean spray, wind, heat, winter, but cannot ... American Beach Grass. Dunes and Beaches are environments that provide shelter to a variety of plants and animals. To avoid predation, several behaviors have developed. These blood worms may occur in tremendous numbers in the mid intertidal area of a sandy beach. Good general references include Ricketts et al. These animals are usually a conspicuous component of the ecosystems, often rivalling the aquatic macrofauna in terms of biomass and having a significant impact on the system with regard to predation and scavenging. Look for Life on the Beach. Food input and surf-zone productivity may determinate the population abundance. Their shape and color are examples of physical adaptations. Sandy shores or beaches are loose deposits of sand, including some gravel or shells, that cover the shoreline in many places. In addition to many microbes, most of the major animal groups live in sand. Most sands have a porosity of about 30 to 40 % of the total volume. When considering the future impacts of climate change on sandy beaches, the eastern end of the Santa Barbara littoral cell may offer one of the best opportunities for the survival of populations of these increasingly vulnerable  beach creatures. Geological sand is a result of the weathering of rocks. The carbonate sand is weathered from mollusk shells and skeletons of other animals. Seabeach Sandwort. Some species adapt by reproducing frequently (iteroparous) or by reproducing just once in a year (semelparous). Plants. Sand Dwellers. On most beaches the interstitial fauna is rich and diverse, even exceeding in some cases the macrofauna in biomass [2]. 2006. Some of the organisms in this area are abalone, anemones, brown seaweed, chitons, crabs, green algae, hydroids, isopods, limpets, mussels, nudibranchs, sculpin, sea cucumber, sea lettuce, sea palms, sea stars, sea urchins, shrimp, snails, sponges, surf grass, tube worms, and whelks. The two main types of beach material are quartz (=silica) sands of terrestrial origin and carbonate sands of marine origin. An array of crustaceans – including sand crabs, roly polies (isopods), and beach hoppers (amphipods) – as well as beetles, blood worms and clams, all move up and down the beach according to the water level. Fishes. Like if you put a bear on a sandy beach he would die. They spend their lives following the tides in order to remain shallowly buried in the wave wash. Other terrestrial animals such as otters, baboons, raccoons, lions,… may descend onto the beach to forage. Coasts, whether rocky or sandy, provide homes to both land and sea animals. Once widespread in Southern California, they are now only found at relatively pristine beaches that are not heavily impacted by beach armoring, grooming, and/or nourishment and have limited vehicle access. Sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, tidal flats, or barrier islands may develop depending on the coastal geology and topography , the size of the ... few animals can live on the surface. The grain size of sand varies from very fine to very coarse. If you dig in the wet sand and find sand crabs, don’t expect to find them in the same place a few hours later. A beach’s slope is important in determining what sorts of organisms live … Some animals that live in the sea will visit land for egg laying. Penetrability is related to particle size and porosity. The crabs will quickly retract their antennae when the wave wash retreats or when they feel the vibrations from approaching footsteps. This page was last edited on 29 June 2020, at 10:09. An unusual combination of events, including a huge offshore storm and a red tide, caused millions of creatures, both alive and dead, to wash up on the beach. The particle diameter is shown in the table below. Here, in the wet shoreline sand they ‘fish’ for food with their feathery antennae. Not even tropical rainforests match this diversity. It is an extremely dynamic environment where sand, water and air are always in motion. It was unlike anything I had ever seen. The meiofauna is defined as those metazoan animals passing undamaged though 0.5 to 1.0 mm sieves and trapped on 30 mm screens. A number of specialized insects live on the higher reaches of the beach: beach flies and several beetles. It is important to study these landforms because they serve as resources that need to be preserved and managed in order to sustain a healthy environment. Sandy beaches are some of the most common habitats along the NSW coast. Many of the beach’s mobile inhabitants are in hiding: worms, sand crabs, beach hoppers, insects and clams burrow into the sand to protect themselves from the drying sun at low tide, and from extremes in temperature and salinity. Beaches also provide important coastal recreational areas for a many people. Blood worms are one of the most abundant sandy beach animals. Blood worms, named for their red color due to hemoglobin, are commonly found in the mid-intertidal zone near the surface in damp sand exposed at low tide. Twelve kilometers of mostly undeveloped shoreline provides the rare possibility for shoreline retreat in Southern California. It is one of the sub-categories within the section dealing with biodiversity of marine habitats and ecosystems. Another one is migration with the tide to escape predation. When you step on a wet beach, there may be a million organisms underfoot. There is variation in the number of eggs, the anatomy of the reproductive organs, the morphology of egg shells, times of breeding, mating behavior and developmental stages. Quartz sands have a slightly lower density ([math]\sim 2.6 \; g.cm^{-3}[/math]) than carbonate sands ([math]2.7 - 2.95 \; g.cm^{-3}[/math]). This on-the-go lifestyle makes management of this ecosystem a unique … Some of them are typical of intertidal beaches and the surf zone, while others are more characteristic of sheltered sandbanks, sandy muds or estuaries and are less common on open beaches of pure sand [2]. Animals. Fine sands have lower permeabilities due to their smaller pore sizes. This is called phenotypic plasticity. Intelligent and dexterous, raccoons commonly roam Keys beaches, along with mangrove swamps and tropical hardwood hammocks, snatching anything they … Rocky shores and sandy beaches fall within the intertidal zone. The beach hopper is a common sand dwelling creature on Southern California beaches. Other animals in oxygenated surf-swept beaches are essentially aerobic. Sand crabs are amazingly well adapted to move in the sand and swash; they swim and burrow, moving backwards, and constantly rebury themselves as they follow the waves. On many Southern California shores, the upper beach is disappearing and along with it at least two of its denizens: Tylos punctatus and Alloniscus perconvexus. These isopods (aka roly polies), unlike many critters that live lower on the beach, do not live in the ocean for any part of their life cycle nor can they move long distances as adults. Sandy beaches and tidal mud flats line thousands of miles of shoreline, supporting a variety of plants and animals. Beach types can also be based on the degree of exposure. Many beaches consist of a mix of these two types of sand. Shaped like small eggs and growing up to 1.5-inch long, these sand dwellers are easily spotted at the beach. They make up a large portion of the world’s ice-free coastlines. The macrofaunal forms are by far the better known. These species are aquatic and can also be found in freshwater bodies. Similar to the rocky shore, animals in a sandy beach ecosystem have had to adapt to the constantly changing environment. Two great places to look for plants and animals on the seashore are the strandline and tide pools. Nearby, a separate exhibit replicates the constant ebb and flow of the surf against a tide pool filled with anemones, sculpins and oysters. Some coastal animals can survive under water or out of water. Unlike most crabs, they have no claws and are suspension feeders, eating the plankton caught in their antennae. Look for the numerous tiny holes in the sand that indicate their presence. Learn about the consequences of beach nourishment. 2001. Some species bury themselves to escape high temperatures; others cool by evaporation, by entering the sea or by absorbing water from the substratum. Their main feature is the high degree of mobility displayed by all species. This world of seabirds, clams, crabs, starfish, anemones, fish, kelp, and marine mammals, among many others, is a beautiful place with many different types of plants and animal communities. Coastal Panic Grass can grow to 3 to 6 feet in height. Land animals that visit the shore include rats and shrews feeding on the strandline, and of course birds like gulls, cormorants, waders and gannets, some of which are actually dependent on the shore. This on-the-go lifestyle makes management of this ecosystem a unique challenge (see Best Practices). Beaches are mostly found along the lower Bay, while mud flats are more common in the upper Bay. An array of crustaceans – including sand crabs, roly polies (isopods), and beach hoppers (amphipods)  – as well as beetles, blood worms and clams, all move up and down the beach according to the water level. A large number of microscopic animals live between the sand grains. Plants and Animals that live on and around Sandy Beaches. You also may be able to see the V-shaped ripples caused by wave wash flowing over the antennae as they seive the water for food. (1968) for habitats, and Morris et al. From MarineSpecies Introduced Traits Wiki, McLachlan A. and Brown A. Burrowing on high-energy sandy beaches must be rapid and effective. Some adaptations are an increased ventilation rate, an increased ventilation efficiency, reduced metabolic rate or other ways of energy economy. The size of sediment particles on sandy beaches will influence the following characteristic of the beach: ... Porosity Oxygen Food Drainage. The intertidal beach zone is covered part of the day by water and is part of the day exposed to air. The changing tides are one of most unique features of the coastal habitat, as the habitat changes from open air to underwater on a regular basis. Sand crabs are often visible in feeding aggregations in the swash zone. There is little to attach to or hold onto at the sandy beach, so the Crabs impress predators by holding their chelae open and aloft. There have been local extinctions of these beach-dwelling crustaceans at many beaches in Southern California, especially in Santa Monica Bay and Orange County. Their bodies stretch through the moist sand sometimes up to a foot long. Hidden under the sand in temporary burrows or nestled in the kelp wrack, sand dwelling animals associated with different parts of the beach are constantly shifting position with the tide. Its inhabitants include small metazoans forming the meiofauna, protozoans, bacteria and diatoms[2]. However, these ecosystems have a surprising amount of biodiversity. The motion of high tide and low tide creates four zones within the intertidal zone where different animals and plants live. The ecology of sandy shores. Birds use the beach for foraging, nesting and roosting. The first one is deep burrowing. For further details see: Shoreface profile, Coastal and marine sediments. Together with the intermediate types, there are six major microtidal beach types. Porosity is the volume of void space in the sand. Sandy Beaches Kally, Mirella, Travis The organisms that live on sandy beaches are specially adapted to survive well in this type of environment. Animals on low-energy sandy beaches adapt their respiration differently from those on surf-swept beaches. Turtles nest on the backshore of sandy beaches. Their camouflage helps to escape predators like birds, bigger fish and mammals. Marine crustaceans are ubiquitous, meaning that they can be found anywhere within the ocean. Several groups of vertebrates make use of sandy beaches for foraging, nesting and breeding. The animals that live in this turbulent habitat are highly specialized. Beaches serve as buffer zones or shock absorbers that protect the coastline, sea cliffs or dunesfrom direct wave attack. CRC Press. Other material includes heavy minerals, basalt (=volcanic origin) and feldspar. Many small animals can live in the spaces between the sand grains in the water. The intertidal zone of the sandy beach and its mobile inhabitants are incredibly dynamic. What is different about the beach is that many of the animals that live here move constantly to follow the tide as it rises and falls. Coastal Panic Grass. To determine the penetrability, the proportion of clay and silt and the water content are very important. Many species of the meiofauna use vertical tidal migrations through the sand column. 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