Stone Age artifacts such as animal bones and food fossils were found at Burdur (north of Antalya). Whether it’s an ancient site that contradicts historical facts or the world’s second oldest railway, there’s a lot … Almost a year later, on October 29, 1923, the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed, with its capital at Ankara. He was distinguished with bringing a message for the whole of mankind, rather than just to a certain peoples. On November 1, 1922, the Ottoman sultanate was formally abolished. On November 1, the newly founded parliament formally abolished the Sultanate, thus ending 623 years of Ottoman rule. On August 26, 1071, the Seljuks under Alp Arslan prevailed at the Battle of Manzikert, defeating a coalition of Christian armies led by the Byzantine Empire. Historians generally agree that the first Turkic people lived in a region extending from Central Asia to Siberia. The Best Thanksgiving Facts For Kids. They, and all the rest of Anatolia were relatively soon after incorporated into the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Bronze age civilization started to appear in Anatolia the middle of the 1st millennium BC. [36] Mustafa Kemal became the republic's first President of Turkey and subsequently introduced many radical reforms with the aim of founding a new Secular Republic from the remnants of its Ottoman past. Turkey, country that occupies a unique geographic position, lying partly in Asia and partly in Europe and serving as both a bridge and a barrier between them. King Antiochus I was the monarch of the Kingdom of Commagene which existed from 163 BC to 72 AD. It straddles the Sea of Marmara, which divides southeastern Europe from southwestern Asia. From their homelands near the Aral sea, the Seljuqs advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia before eventually conquering eastern Anatolia. The Prophet Muhammad is seen as the last of God's emissaries (following in the footsteps of Jesus, Moses, Abraham, etc) to bring revelation to mankind. [38] Following World War I, the huge conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was divided into several new states.[39]. Although the origins of some of the earliest peoples are shrouded in mystery, the remnants of Bronze Age civilizations, such as the Hattian, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, and the Hittites, provide us with many examples of the daily lives of its citizens and their trade. Turkish Islam has always been strongly influenced by the mystical and poetic Sufi tradition, and Turkey remains a stronghold of Sufism. [17] The process of Hellenization that began with Alexander's conquest accelerated under Roman rule, and by the early centuries AD the local Anatolian languages and cultures had become extinct, being largely replaced by ancient Greek language and culture.[18][19]. That year also marked the end of single-party rule in Turkey, which had lasted for twenty years. The huge amount of historical places to visit in Turkey can be credited to the fact that the country sits on the edge of ancient Mesopotamia, that is often referred to as the birthplace of civilization, so it is not a surprise that many empires have conquered, ruled, and lost their reign of the region. After the Ottoman Empire fell in 1918, Turkey transformed itself into the vibrant, modernizing, secular state it is today. [36] The Ottoman fez was abolished, full rights for women politically were established, and new writing system for Turkish based upon the Latin alphabet was created. This revolt, after being easily suppressed by the Persian authority, laid the direct uplead for the Greco-Persian Wars, which turned out to be one of the most crucial wars in European history. As Persia grew in strength, their system of local government in Anatolia allowed many port cities to grow and to become wealthy. Turkic peoples and related groups migrated west from Turkestan and what is now Mongolia towards Eastern Europe, Iranian plateau and Anatolia and modern Turkey in many waves. Built in the 1st century BC, its statues feature Greek, Persian as well as Armenian influences therefore they are unique. [7] The territory of Thrace later became unified by the Odrysian kingdom, founded by Teres I,[8] probably after the Persian defeat in Greece.[9]. 82,605,000. [3] The earliest representations of culture in Anatolia were Stone Age artifacts. Interesting History & Fun Facts about Thanksgiving WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 2019. Let’s take a look at 60 interesting facts about Turkey. All of Anatolia got divided into various satrapies, ruled by satraps (governors) appointed by the central Persian rulers. Starting around 1200 BC, the western coast of Anatolia was heavily settled by Aeolian and Ionian Greeks. The non-religious nature of Turkish government has historically been enforced by the military since the Republic of Turkey was founded as a secular state in 1923 by General Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Kurds make up the largest minority group at 18%; they are concentrated primarily in the eastern portion of the country and have a long history of pressing for their own separate state. The Turkish leaders conferred with Roosevelt and Churchill at the Cairo Conference in November, 1943, and promised to enter the war. – 1 A.D. in, "Yeni Turkiye Research and Publishing Center", "An outline of Turkish History until 1923", E. Khusnutdinova, et al. Turkey is the stuff of legend Since 2007, presidents of Turkey are directly elected, and the president appoints the prime minister. Food. Neighboring Syria and Iraq also have large and restive Kurdish populations - the Kurdish nationalists of all three states have called for the creation of a new nation, Kurdistan, at the intersection of Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. However in 681 the khanate was revived. The Ottoman beylik's first capital was located in Bursa in 1326. 3. Turkey is a relatively stable, secular democracy that remains broadly pro-Western, seeking to eventually become part of European Union. Hulegu's Ilkhanate, one of the great hordes of the Mongol Empire, ruled over Turkey for about eighty years, before crumbling away around 1335 CE. He was eventually defeated by the Macedonians. [23], It has often been suggested that the Xiongnu, mentioned in Han Dynasty records, were Proto-Turkic speakers. In the earliest 5th century BC, some of the Ionian cities under Persian rule revolted, which culminated into the Ionian Revolt. Anatolia is a fertile plateau in the west, gradually rising to rugged mountains in the east. An earthquake near Izmit kills more … Turkey's small European section, called Thrace, borders on Greece and Bulgaria. The official language of Turkey is Turkish, which is the most widely-spoken of the languages in the Turkic family, part of the larger Altaic linguistic group. The Thracians (Ancient Greek: Θρᾷκες, Latin: Thraci) were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Central and Southeastern Europe. The country's official name is actually the Republic of Turkey. At the crossroads between Europe and Asia, Turkey is a fascinating country. Turkey holds first free elections and joins United Nations and NATO. The Khanate was also the first state known as "Turk". Edirne which was conquered in 1361[35] was the next capital city. Kurdish is an Indo-Iranian language, related to Farsi, Baluchi, Tajik, etc. Religion. The oldest recognized human settlement is in Catalhoyuk, which is in Central Turkey. Formerly called Constantinople, it was the capital city during the Ottoman and the Byznatine Empire. Turkish people eat more than three times their own body weight in bread annually; Most Turks did not have surnames until a law was passed requiring it in 1934; Tulips were introduced by Turkish traders in the 16th century 2. Turkey is approximately 99.8% Muslim. However, a Turkish general named Mustafa Kemal was able to stoke Turkish nationalism and expel the foreign occupation forces from Turkey proper. Most regions of Turkey receive an average of 20-25 inches (508-645 mm) of rain per year. As Moses brought the Torah and Jesus the Bible, Muhammad brought the last book, the Quran. One of those small principalities in the northwestern part of Anatolia began to expand in the early 14th century. For example, a "c" with a small tail curving beneath it is pronounced like the English "ch.". After the fall of the Hittites, the new states of Phrygia and Lydia stood strong on the western coast as Greek civilization began to flourish. [33], The Seljuq/Seljuk empire was founded by Tughril Beg (1016-1063) in 1037. Area 303,224 square miles (785,347 square kilometers). [16] Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, Anatolia was subsequently divided into a number of small Hellenistic kingdoms, all of which became part of the Roman Republic by the mid-1st century BC. All of the non-ethnically Turkish lands became independent, and the victorious Allies planned to carve Anatolia itself into spheres of influence. The turkeys typically depicted in Thanksgiving pictures are not the same as the domestic turkeys most people eat at Thanksgiving. Tughril was raised by his grandfather, Seljuk-Beg Seljuk gave his name to both the Seljuk empire and the Seljuk dynasty. Females, called hens, will cackle! It is related to Central Asian languages such as Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, etc. John Boardman, I.E.S. 1960: Military rule of Turkish state. "Children of Özal: The New Face of Turkish Studies". The Göktürks were the first Turkic people to write Old Turkic in a runic script, the Orkhon script. A type of soldier of this period called the Peltast probably originated in Thrace. According to the Law on Family Names, the Turkish parliament presented Mustafa Kemal with the honorific surname "Atatürk" (Father of the Turks) in 1934. In the 5th century BC, Darius I built the Royal Road, which linked the principal city of Susa with the west Anatolian city of Sardis.[4]. Hammond. Germany had been its largest trading partner before the war, and Turkey continued to do business with both sides. Within 150 years, a new power rose from far to their east and swept toward Anatolia. As of 2011, Turkey has an estimated 78.8 million citizens. Suleiman also enforced religious tolerance of Christians and Jews within his empire. The place known as Troy from the legendary Trojan Wars is located in Western Turkey. [6] They were bordered by the Scythians to the north, the Celts and the Illyrians to the west, the Ancient Greeks to the south and the Black Sea to the east. The Ottoman Empire entered World War I (1914–1918) on the side of the Central Powers and was ultimately defeated. Turkey was one of the first countries, in 1959, to seek close cooperation with the young European Economic Community (EEC). This fact gives Turkey enormous geopolitical importance. Fun facts about turkeys! 1. "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". From 552 to 745, Göktürk leadership united the nomadic Turkic tribes into the Göktürk Empire. Americans consume about 17.6 pounds of turkey per person every year, and the US produces nearly 6 billion pounds of turkey meat annually. Its larger Asian portion, Anatolia, borders Syria, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. Following the death of Theodosius I in 395 and the permanent division of the Roman Empire between his two sons, the city, which would popularly come to be known as Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Seljuq Turkmens created a medieval empire that controlled a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. Released on Netflix, the Turkish... Read more. Izmir History Facts and Timeline (Izmir, Turkey) The 'Pearl of the Aegean', as the Turkish city of Izmir is fondly known, is a busy and prosperous port city with deep roots in antiquity. Turkey fossils have been unearthed across the southern United States and Mexico, some of them dating from more than 5 million years ago. [40], Turkey was neutral in World War II (1939–45) but signed a treaty with Britain in October 1939 that said Britain would defend Turkey if Germany attacked it. When World War I broke out along what had been the boundary between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Turkey made the fatal decision to ally itself with the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). Famous Turkish Restaurants in Pakistan. During the eighteenth century, the Ottomans began to lose territory around the edges of the empire. Artifacts from the Paleolithic era have been found scattered through Anatolia, and many are currently housed in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, in the Archaeological Museum in Antalya, and in other Turkish institutions. Thackeray, Frank W., John E. Findling, Douglas A. Howard. It is Turkey's highest point, at 5,166 meters (16,949 feet). The Seleucid Empire, the largest of Alexander's territories, and which included Anatolia, became involved in a disastrous war with Rome culminating in the battles of Thermopylae and Magnesia. ERTUGRUL GHAZI. See History of the Republic of Turkey for the history of the modern state. Geography >> Middle East >> Turkey History and Timeline ** Source for population (2019 est.) [36] Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, a military commander who had distinguished himself during the Battle of Gallipoli, the Turkish War of Independence was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. Towards the end of the century, the Göktürks Khanate was splitted into two; i.e., Eastern Turkic Khaganate and Western Turkic Khaganate. Anatolia played a pivotal role in Achaemenid history. Turkey has a unicameral (one house) legislature, called the Grand National Assembly or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi, with 550 directly elected members. Numerous important cities were founded by these colonists, such as Miletus, Ephesus, Smyrna and Byzantium, the latter founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC. In 2012, more than 210 million turkeys were consumed in the United States. Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. Interesting Facts About Turkey #1: Istanbul. The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1993: Tansu Çiller becomes Turkey’s first woman prime minister. Turkey - Turkey - History: This entry discusses the history of modern Turkey from its formation in the aftermath of the Ottoman defeat in World War I (1914–18) until the 21st century. Islam is the religion of the majority of Turks although the state is fiercely secular. Certain Turkish baths are touristic orientated because westerners prefer to wear swimming costumes while others cater for the local community in the tradition way and this is seen in the weekly practise of women only day. [31], In the 6th century, 400 years after the collapse of northern Xiongnu power in Inner Asia, leadership of the Turkic peoples was taken over by the Göktürks. This sound defeat of the Byzantines marked the beginning of true Turkish control over Anatolia (that is, the Asian portion of modern-day Turkey). The narrow Turkish Straits seaway between the two continents, including the Dardanelles and the Bosporus Strait, is one of the world's key maritime passages; it is the only access-point between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. 1999: Turkey is accepted as a candidate for membership in the European Union. [47] Since the liberalization of the Turkish economy during the 1980s, the country has enjoyed stronger economic growth and greater political stability. The country now known as the Republic of Turkey was part of the Ottoman Empire until the empire broke up in the aftermath of the First Worl War. Naturally, Anatolia had a history before the Turks, but the region did not become "Turkey" until the Seljuk Turks moved into the area in the 11th century CE. This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 11:21. Turkey has oil and natural gas reserves. Between the 3rd and 7th century AD, the Byzantines and the neighboring Sassanids frequently clashed over possession of Anatolia, which significantly exhausted both empires, thus laying the way open for the eventual Muslim conquests from both empires' respective south. However, its recent past is more turbulent. [44], After participating with the United Nations forces in the Korean War, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, becoming a bulwark against Soviet expansion into the Mediterranean. Historically they were established after the 6th century BCE. Following a decade of intercommunal violence on the island of Cyprus and the Greek military coup of July 1974, overthrowing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as a dictator, Turkey invaded the Republic of Cyprus in 1974. Although agriculture still accounts for 30% of jobs in Turkey, the economy relies on industrial and service sector output for its growth. Gobble Gobble is ONLY the sound from a male turkey. Although the overwhelming majority of Turkish citizens are Muslims, the Turkish state is staunchly secular. The study of Thracians and Thracian culture is known as Thracology. Kurdish is the largest minority language in Turkey and is spoken by about 18% of the population. By August 1944, with Germany nearing defeat, Turkey broke off relations. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and not Istanbul. Hornblower, Simon; Antony Spawforth (1996). Mustafa Kemal became the first president of the new secular republic. As such, it has staged coups in 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997. 1990s: Kurds struggle for their rights in eastern and southeastern Turkey. Relations with Greece have been uneasy, particularly over the issue of Cyprus, while Turkey and Armenia disagree vehemently over the Armenian Genocide carried out by Ottoman Turkey in 1915. Mitochondrial DNA variety in Turkic and Uralic-speaking people. The Allies tried to stop German purchases of chrome (used in making better steel). Ararat, near the Turkish border with Iran, is believed to be the landing-place of Noah's Ark. It is also a key distribution point for Middle Eastern and Central Asia oil and natural gas moving to Europe and to ports for export overseas. [36] In addition, the Ottomans were often at war with Persia over territorial disputes, which allowed them to inherit the Timurid Renaissance. The first state that was called Armenia by neighbouring peoples was the state of the Armenian Orontid dynasty, which included parts of eastern Turkey beginning in the 6th century BC, which became the Satrapy of Armenia under Achaemenid rule. Below are some historical facts about our courageous hero: 1. The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. For times predating the Ottoman period, a distinction must be made between the history of the Turkic peoples, and the history of the territories now forming the Republic of Turkey. is CIA World Factbook. With weak sultans on the throne and corruption in the once-vaunted Janissary corps, Ottoman Turkey became known as the "Sick Man of Europe." The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus divide the country. As of January 2012, the exchange rate for Turkey's currency is 1 US dollar = 1.837 Turkish lira. The classical history of Anatolia (Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into the classical period and Hellenistic Anatolia, ending with the conquest of the region by the Roman empire in the second century BCE. Although the legal Ottoman government in Istanbul under the 36th and last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI (Vahideddin; ruled 1918–22), had decided … Unlike its Xiongnu predecessor, the Göktürk Khanate had its temporary khans from the Ashina clan that were subordinate to a sovereign authority controlled by a council of tribal chiefs. An invasion was threatened in 1941 but did not happen and Ankara refused German requests to allow troops to cross its borders into Syria or the USSR. As of this writing, Turkey is generally at peace, although the Kurdish separatist movement (the PKK) in the east has been actively trying to create a self-governing Kurdistan there since 1984. The coldest temperature ever was -50 °F (-45.6° C) at Agri. Learn all Thanksgiving Information For Kids, what it is actually, when it is celebrated, why it is celebrated, where it is celebrated, other name, meaning, importance, how to celebrate, Thanksgiving for kids, its origin, first celebrations, thanksgiving food, why do we eat turkey on thanksgiving and many other fun facts about Thanksgiving. The majority of them are ethnically Turkish - 70 to 75% of the population. Based in the city of Bursa, the Ottoman beylik would go on to conquer not only Anatolia and Thrace (the European section of modern-day Turkey), but also the Balkans, the Middle East, and eventually parts of North Africa. The modern history of Turkey began in the early 20th century after Mustafa Kemal (later known as Ataturk) pushed for the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and a war for independence. If you’re going to talk turkey in Ramona this holiday season, here are some fun facts: —Wild turkeys are considered non-migratory residents. After the Central Powers lost World War I, the Ottoman empire ceased to exist. Achaemenid Persian rule in Anatolia ended with the conquests of Alexander the Great, defeating Darius III between 334 and 330 BCE. [37] Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire continued losing its territories, including Greece, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and the Balkans in the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars. Islam emanated from what is today Saudi Arabia. The Ottoman Empire reached its apogee in the sixteenth century, under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent. 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