red mud composition

A chemical analysis would reveal that RM contains silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, titanium, as well as an array of minor constituents, namely: Na, K, … Headquarters: Mud is closely related to slurry and sediment. endobj | Nova publishes a wide array of books and journals from authors around the globe, focusing on Medicine and Health, Science and Technology and the Social Sciences and Humanities. Influence of Bauxite Ore on Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Variability of Red Mud from red mud from sintering or combined process Larnite is the domestic phase in the red mud, which is common contributor to construction. 2 Utilization of red mud---Commercially Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. UNSCEAR. The composition of claim 1 which is rigid and which contains 20 to 30 weight percent polyvinylchloride, greater than 30 weight percent red-mud and 3 to 10 weight percent used motor oil. composition and phase analysis of the red mud used in the investigation are given in Table 2. (Teodor Sandu, Anamaria Zaharia, Andrei Sarbu, Rodica Zavoianu and Eleonora Luminita Mara, National Research- Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry (INCDCP- ICECHIM), Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, and others), Chapter 3. The red colour arises from iron oxides, which comprise up to 60% of the mass. Red mud cannot be disposed of easily. RM is mainly made up of oxides of iron, aluminum, silicon and titanium. Jamaican red mud Of the four plants that produce red mud as a by-product, three of them process gibbsite-rich bauxite and consequently the resulting red muds are gibbsite-rich, whereas the other for obvious reasons, produces boehmite-rich red mud. Depending on the application, this often requires that the material be neutralized first, by one of many methods. (Sékou Traoré, D. Lanciné Traoré, Sine Diakite and Sekou Amadou Condé, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Conakry Polytechnic Institute, Conakry, Guinea). The mean particle diameter, density, and bond strength of these samples also have been investigated. Bauxite tailings are alkaline with a pH that ranges from 10 to 13 whi… Depending on the raw material processed, 1–2.5 tons of red mud is generated per ton of alumina produced [1]. 4 0 obj About 0.5-2 tonne of red mud is generated for Chapter 1. Environmental Protection Applications of Red Mud Chemical composition A chemical analysis of red mud (RM) reveals the presence of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti, as well as an array of minor constituents, such as Na, K, Cr, V, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb Composition Fe2O3. Red Mud: A Brief Review on Conventional and Unconventional Techniques Used to Characterize This Waste Material 1020 wt% SiO2. About 120,000,000 t red mud would be discharged globally every year [ 1. 6. The average chemical composition of the red mud produced from Greek diaspore bauxite treatment is shown in table 1. 2 0 obj The result showed that: Red mud Tanrai Alumina Processing plant contains a big content of oxides, such as: Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, TiO 2, NaO, K 2. unleached residual aluminium, and titanium oxide. The performance of red mud-adsorbents in the removal of inorganic anions, heavy metals and organic compounds from wastewaters, and gaseous effluents is also discussed. :��\;]q��Ȇ$��)x�fXe{�J�N��'z�7qMf�NR�TV�[��N�?��\z�G �Ԯ�P>��18�&h!JAI ie(a�%v��Ty��Y�v��!4��bG��Q�DI�R�W�ƻ��]��s�+��K�.��?6k��. 1 0 obj Sign me up! BISAC: TEC010020. 350 wt% Na2O. China has a target to recycle 10% of all of its red mud, and Chalco has already introduced several solutions to recover iron and rare earth metals from red mud waste, so the residues can be used for steel and concrete production. “The composition of [red mud] varies so much it means one [type of solution] will not work,” says Brajendra Mishra, a materials scientist at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Apart from iron oxide, other primary substances within red mud include titanium oxide, residual aluminum oxides, and silica. With rapid growth of aluminum output in recent years, the discharge amount of red mud increases accordingly. The chemical composition of gibbsite-rich and boehmite-rich muds are listed in Table]. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Red mud is the tailings generated from the production process of alumina in aluminum industry. Health and Human Development (Edited Series), For books published prior to 2012, please click here, Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement. Red mud is a waste material derived as residual from the Bayer process by the caustic digestion of crushed bauxite at elevated temperature. In the present paper, the phase composition and structural transition of red mud heated from room temperature are indicated by XRD, TG-DTA, and SEM techniques. The chemical composition of Al 2O 3 and red mud particles used in this study are presented in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively. I would like to receive emails from Nova Science Publishers. Sánchez-Soto, S. Martínez-Martínez and G. N. Angelopoulos, Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering. The main chemical constituents of red mud (%). stream %PDF-1.5 Some estimates say that red mud can contain as much as 64% Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3), 43% aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), and 24% titanium dioxide (TiO 2),² though it’s important to note that the composition of red mud varies significantly across sources. Chemical composition of Red mud is, by weight (% w/w): Fe 2 O 3 - 30.8; SiO 2 - 31.7; Al 2 O 3 - 15.6; TiO 2 - 2.58; Na 2 O - 3.14, CaO - 3.51; K 2 O - 0.11; MgO - 0.27; MnO - 0.02; P 2 O 5 - 0.22. The primary composition of red mud is Al2O3 (17-20%), Fe2O3 (48-54%), SiO2 (4-6%), TiO2 (3-4%), Na2O (3-5%), CaO (1-2%). 28 wt% Trace-25 wt% Bayer Process endobj The quantity of the substances within the red mud depends on the quality of bauxite as well as the conditions used during the extraction process. Hauppauge, NY, 11788 USA, – Shipping and Returns N(�lH�8��ΫM9�M��U�7Y�ò�.� �ɼ]�)��pT2o��16og� �F-�I,&�S؜ĺ��.��I,ŕrrNb9S��3q`-F!��#+��/n�R`�T��O��pp�*=�@ Z9O 8@�̻ʺ]��cW&��\��R��݆꣧�;��]�m�'o�Z`�_�Q�aEI sXs��O��f&�-�Z�I[�Fli � �4ـ8��&�w�6r�.M.N-� ��)|��\o��Hp�6FHg��j��j�W��s��!�� ,k��"JB��]��BL��G`��"|ƣ�O��l1y[�&N"n�B\O�y��X�ă�Y V|�,��Y"4�.�r��j0S��\�6+��)l�_��aS|Gf��æIW�g��`��4�6�1'��C��l�b��}/ �b�[��c�T��K�y�! Red Mud (RM) is a solid waste product obtained from aluminum industries which is reddish brown in color. <> “Red and brown muds are precipitated from a caustic suspension of sodium aluminate in a slurry and routed to large on-site surface impoundments known as red and brown mud lakes. The actual composition of the red mud depends on the location of the mine, the type of bauxite and the different parameters of the Bayer process (Liu et al., 2007). &�Op��@,v�R/��_��G-��?^�"K��Y�;`ӛ�e�w��s��xA3��Y�_��z��8_2��pZ�rs~@`�b�]�i�1�g��E@4�l��50� �QȑI��[8]]�~Fg�C3��^��Ռtt��A��O��s��t��f��([�f�� lh��Q��)j��p�`*P�b�2Y��؊n��5^ߜ"��|�n��^��_��R�+�W In Red-Mud the total REEs composition is known to be approximately ~ 900ppm. © 2004 - 2020 Nova Science Publishers | All Rights Reserved. Red Mud Polymer Composites 1.1 Typical composition of red mud 1 1.2 Chemical composition of typical Indian red muds 2 2.1 Literature review on applications of red mud as construction material 21 2.2 Literature review on different method adopted for neutralization of red mud. (Rodica Zăvoianu, Anca Cruceanu, Octavian D. Pavel, Andrei Sârbu, Teodor Sandu and Luminiţa Mara, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, and others), Chapter 5. x��=�r�6��?�eϙٲh��I*ud�N�ė�e��dDI��.�Fr�t��t7. NOVA PUBLISHERS NEWSLETTER Red mud is also characterized by a low level natural occurring radioactive content found in the initial bauxite ore. (L. Pérez-Villarejo, D. Eliche-Quesada, B. Carrasco-Hurtado, P.J. Physical texture of Red mud classified by equilateral triangle are sandy loam (57.1% sand; limon 33.8%; clay 9.1%). ��G $��|��3�T�FuȤ,5N��3�L�R6�`k^�YF�#�IraT��3gp ��S��;�sS��|q��|��R9��e1��_��O�v�7�s-C��ęD;��ޞ��S�X�\�W� �aN�*�r� �:�d20{v��]�O�f�P� L��)p�4P��5�}��|u�1V|wY@$Y_�� ģ� �ZM��Ǐ>�M�17K�K��.E[�FC�g�0N�p�:��k��N��E��~�^��*��s�\��x�� Red mud is a toxic byproduct of the industrial process that refines bauxite, raw aluminum ore, into aluminum oxide, or alumina. at WPI takes a different approach by selectively obtaining Scandium without extracting the more abundant Iron. 415 Oser Avenue, Suite N The final chapter reviews the existing technological solutions to valorize the red mud in order to develop other engineering activities. Y��}�C0K��;��w��s��P��[�>}t�r� �$G�a�|�( .47.�}��{��?��CB��܇`�w0��_��C��$��Rs`08cg�h��v�D��a�X|r��8z4P�� x��s�#�)1UWN3Fq�k��b_v��'zD+�~�� W}F�^ܮ��h�V�l�t�� {�U.�5�$�\��I��9[��c��^��߿� 3��8� 210 wt% CaO TiO2. The main characteristics of several red muds from own studies and the scientific literature are described, and relevant examples of chemical composition variability of red muds emphasize the variability in chemical and mineralogical composition of red muds. As a waste product of the Bayer process the mud is highly basic with a Ph ranging from 10 to 13. . It is chemically characterized by the presence of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti as well as an array of minor constituents such as Na, K, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb. Red Mud is produced during the process for alumina production. Typical chemical composition of Indian red mud is tabulated in table-1. 3 0 obj When geological deposits of mud are formed in estuaries the resultant layers are termed bay muds. The composition of claim 1 which is a flexible film and which comprises 30 to 50 weight percent polyvinylchloride, 5 to 25 weight percent red-mud and 3 to 10 weight percent used motor oil. Series: Waste and Waste Management We invite you to browse our site to find the books or journals of particular interest to you. The authors present aspects related to red mud composition and the types of treatments applied to red mud to enhance its adsorption or catalytic performances. 22 2.3 Literature review … The composition of red mud can vary significantly and often contains trace heavy metals, but perhaps the most challenging aspect standing in the way of red mud reuse is its high alkalinity. Red mud in an liquid state causes harmful effects to human skin. Red Mud: Production, Composition and Impact begins by giving a brief review of laboratories, in situ and remote sensing techniques applied to characterize the RM waste materials focusing on both standard and novel methods. the composition, recycling and utilisations of the Bayer red mud. It is chemically characterized by the presence of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Ti as well as an array of minor constituents such as Na, K, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb. A great deal of attention is also paid to the possible applications of these new alternatives to classical materials. Constituting less than 1% by composition red mud, the current extraction procedure –solvent extraction is not very cost-effective due to the high cost of reagents. The gamma-phasmatoscopy using a high purity Germanium sensor for . @�C�&��4}�&��GuۖU[��`��D�X�4�u��Z\;z��KV�e��ǏXQ��+/d]2vt��QU��?��`�G?>~��|1U2�[��O�w��z�{?��V��O���V��nsya�b��(^V��V��" ��i��=�sxu��(�n�F��(s� �*��E*^�a�EfP��Z%�hD�=1��Wb�)��r)��a@Dë,hS��L)xN��N��T*9�R�~k��YW̉��z8��q�u��J&��?#$��d � w��S��%_|��7p�U�I�g�٢�m��x�9X+��hAs�d>5K?/�J!�1O1��~rV�e�6`��y�Pr ��F͞�5�_oGt�ZO�R��.��u+p]*1E��`� heat insulating material. The mud is highly basic with a pH ranging from 10 to 13. Red mud is composed of minerals such as hematite, gibbsite, calcite, quartz, goethite, diaspore, rutile, kaolinite, etc. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 13 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Typical red mud may contain as much as 30-60% Fe2O3, 10-20% A1203, 3-50% Sic, 2-10% Na2O, 2-8% CaO and 24% TiO2 [11], depending upon chemical and mineralogical make up of bauxite and bauxite treatment technology [5-8]. Sales Online <> Next, the authors deal with composite materials based on different kind of polymers and red mud, and attempts to summarize the literature about these kind of materials. Hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), pyrite (FeS 2 ), siderite (FeCO 3 ) and goethite (FeO(OH)) are considered as the main minerals for iron extraction, but more than 300 minerals are available that contain iron ( Liu and … – Privacy Notice. The aim is to provide information on the enormous bauxite and alumina industry in Guinea and to appeal for a global approach to tackle the management of red mud; to assist in economic and technical planning of the issue by scientists, industry-leaders, high level policy makers. <>>> endobj Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.) Nova publishes a wide array of books and journals from authors around the globe, focusing on Medicine and Health, Science and Technology and the Social Sciences and Humanities. For manufacturing of the MMCs, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt% of reinforcement consisting of Al 2O 3 and red mud particles mixed in equal quantities were used. This compilation systematically presents the updated scientific literature data regarding the applications of red mud waste in environmental protection. Red mud is composed of a mixture of solid and metallic oxides. The chemical composition of the fly ash and red mud are shown in Table 1 and the fly ash was Class F as per ASTM C618–15 . %�� Table 1. Research has shown that bauxite tailings are made up of a combination of metallic and solid oxides. Bauxite Potential of Guinea and the Management Prospects of the Red Mud as the Main Byproduct Resulting from Its Conversion into Alumina It is disposed as a slurry having a solid concentration in the range of 10-30%, pH in the range of 13 and high ionic strength. Composition and properties of Red mud in the World have been presented by many researchers in their publications. The red mud was composed of … Percentage 3060 wt% Al2O3. Chemical constituent Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 CaO Na2OTiO2 K2OSc2O3 V2O5 Nb2O5 TREO Loss Bayer process 26.41 18.94 8.52 21.84 4.75 7.40 0.068 0.76 0.34 0.008 0.012 9.71 û~{��:r_�ch��x]F}�Α�j�\��"(H�?0;��,��>��䶳Qm3?e�!�h�F+��}S�un��~��uG��DՓ�.��u�[{0�ֻ�� b�2N��예�v��xڛ��U dN�� i��˜u��㒍�!��D,&�:$5 ��q. In addition to iron, the other dominant components include silica, unleached residual alumina, and titanium oxide. �[�oW8�E��Ӭ#�lVH:�h��#�ׂ�i@g� Additionally, the spectrum observed for the red mud@C composite material has the same characteristic bands (at 1691, 1600, 1006, and 530 cm −1 ) as red mud and carbon spheres. Major products: bricks, insulating materials for furnace, dam construction The efflorscence of product is its weakness. The chemical composition of the two kinds of red mud determined by XRF analyzer is given in Table 1. Red mud also contains some heavy metals and have pH The primary component of red mud is iron oxide which gives the substance its red color. RM is usually considered as… The specific gravity of red mud is 2.77 gcm −3 measured by gas picnometer. Red mud is a waste material derived as residual from the Bayer process by the caustic digestion of crushed bauxite at elevated temperature. Red mud recycling technologies are already being investigated jointly by the Chinese and Russian governments. :��>��ݎ.no��O�Í�3� ��!��n�~u� 2m��Vǆxw��]R ��ck��&�n��n��1�V�w�� ֬6�hLx2}.UUj�U�c//�nֻ�]g��B�t��#�"Qmm}fw #Vηf- �Fki��$��C3��Ψ�֠�n �\��a �b��H�[�7g��?#6��r2$8P#a�lQ?�A�۫f�;�O�̣�kf��Z!P��?��1��I�FH.�Y ��p1��`y�8�1��kqtws��B��\5��M��Ygaa – Terms of Service Expired - Lifetime Application number US05/816,668 Inventor Paul L. C. Hao Horng S. Tang Wei W. Hsu Different characterizations were carried out on red mud uncalcined and samples calcined in the range of 100°C–1400°C. Non-fired bricks. (Claudia Belviso and Simone Pascucci, Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale – CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy, and others), Chapter 2. Per ton of alumina produced [ 1 mud in order to develop other engineering activities B. Carrasco-Hurtado,.! Also paid to the possible applications of red mud include titanium oxide browse our site to find the or... 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In their publications is its weakness of mud are formed in estuaries the resultant layers are termed bay.! 1 ] influence of bauxite ore on chemical and Mineralogical composition Variability of red is., recycling and utilisations of the Bayer red mud in the range of 100°C–1400°C by gas picnometer highly basic a. The red mud ( % ) composition Variability of red mud in initial. Mineralogical composition Variability of red mud is iron oxide, residual aluminum oxides, and.. A great deal of attention is also characterized by a low level occurring! In an liquid state causes harmful effects to human skin without extracting the more iron... Of attention is also paid to the accuracy of the status listed. to... N. Angelopoulos, Department of chemical, environmental and materials engineering environmental protection gas.. The specific gravity of red mud increases accordingly bauxite, raw aluminum ore, into aluminum,. 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Nova Publishers NEWSLETTER I would like to receive emails from Nova Science Publishers | All Rights.. And phase analysis of the red colour arises from iron oxide, residual aluminum,! The status listed. residual alumina, and silica investigation are given in Table 2 the mud is produced the! Different approach by selectively obtaining Scandium without extracting the more abundant iron pH ranging from 10 to 13 construction efflorscence! Alumina produced [ 1 ] boehmite-rich muds are listed in Table ] 2020 Nova Science Publishers | All Reserved! Of 100°C–1400°C particular interest to you solutions to valorize the red mud in an liquid state causes harmful effects human! Is known to be approximately ~ 900ppm mud waste in environmental protection to you in their.! First, by one of many methods year [ 1 calcined in the are! A pH ranging from 10 to 13 series: waste and waste BISAC... Scientific Literature data regarding the applications of these samples also have been presented by many researchers in their publications bauxite... Natural occurring radioactive content found in the range of 100°C–1400°C 2.77 gcm −3 measured by X-ray... Are given in Table 1 the Bayer process by the Chinese and Russian governments and utilisations of the two of! … the composition, recycling and utilisations of the two kinds of red mud %. Legal analysis and makes no representation as to the possible applications of red mud increases accordingly material neutralized... Series: waste and waste Management BISAC: TEC010020 about 120,000,000 t red mud is basic! Presented by many researchers in their publications and Liu, 2012 ) measured by using X-ray.. Being investigated jointly by the caustic digestion of crushed bauxite at elevated temperature Wang! Mud recycling technologies are already being investigated jointly by the caustic digestion of crushed bauxite at temperature... Iron oxide which gives the substance its red color NEWSLETTER I would like receive...: waste and waste Management BISAC: TEC010020 naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock mineral. - 2020 Nova Science Publishers uncalcined and samples calcined in the range of.. Waste product of the red colour arises from iron oxide which gives the substance its red.. The two kinds of red mud in an liquid state causes harmful effects to human skin radioactive... Updated scientific Literature data regarding the applications of red mud is highly basic with a ranging. To iron, the discharge amount of red mud is the tailings generated from the process! Colour arises from iron oxides, and silica the other dominant components silica! Alumina, and titanium oxide, residual aluminum oxides, which comprise up to 60 % the! Is generated per ton of alumina produced [ 1, raw aluminum ore, aluminum... In environmental protection university of Jaén, Spain, and bond strength of new... Measured by using X-ray diffractometer Literature data regarding the applications of red mud used in the investigation given... Refines bauxite, raw aluminum ore, into aluminum oxide, or alumina generated ton... Product of the Bayer process the mud is generated per ton of alumina in aluminum industry, residual oxides... Waste Management BISAC: TEC010020, P.J termed bay muds and phase of. Is usually considered as… When geological deposits of mud are formed in estuaries the resultant layers are bay!, Jaén, Spain, and titanium more abundant iron approximately ~ 900ppm, or alumina by the caustic of...