This result is identical to that reported by Craddock, John P. Craddock first visited the Appalachian’s on a University of Michigan field trip with Dave Wiltschko in 1981 where Craddock first began to learn about microstructures, calcite twinning and thrust belts. Experimental test of least-squares strain calculations using twinned calcite. Calcite fillings are bedding-parallel, cleavage-parallel, and one vein set cross-cuts both earlier phases; the youngest calcite filling is a bedding-parallel fault gouge that crosscuts the cleavage and preserves top-down-to-the-southeast normal fault kinematics. ; Rutter, E.H. Paleostress estimation using calcite twinning: Experimental calibration and application to nature. ; Stamatakos, J. Ong, P.F. Herman, G.C. Fossil distortion and penetrative rock deformation in the Appalachian plateau, Pennsylvania. The various calcite phases reported are of a uniform stable isotopic signature and presumably from the same hot, synorogenic Taconic source (, Finite strains in the Martinsburg Fm. Amrouch, K.; Lacombe, O.; Bellahsen, N.; Daniel, J.M. In contrast to most slip systems in rock-forming minerals, twinning therefore permits intracrystalline deformation at very low temperature and very little confining pressure. Groshong, R.H., Jr. Calcite (thin section) View Description. Fabric Interpretation: LPS (layer-parallel shortening); VPS (vein-parallel shortening); VNS (vein-normal shortening). Acceleration voltage was 15 kV and the working distance was 18.4 mm. ; Millson, H.E. All throughout this outcrop, huge calcite veins ran across in a stream like pattern (lapieze). We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Buddington, The Appalachian-Ouachita Orogen in the United States, Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania, Geologic Maps and Sections of Parts of the Portland and Belvidere Quadrangles, Post-Extension Shortening Strains Preserved in Calcites of the Keweenawan Rift: Middle Proterozoic to Cambrian Rifting, Regional Geology of Eastern Idaho and Western Wyoming, Edition: Memoir 179, Chapter: 6, Orogenic Curvature: Geological Society of America Special Paper 383, The Mid-Atlantic Piedmont: Tectonic Missing Link of the Appalachians. Miller, J.A. Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Origin of slaty and fracture cleavage in the Delaware Water Gap are, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. We employ classical molecular dynamics to calculate elastic properties and to model the nucleation and propagation of deformation twins in calcite, both as a pure crystal and with magnesium and aspartate inclusions. Foreland signature of indenter tectonics: Insights from calcite twin analysis in the Tennessee salient of the southern Appalachians, USA. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Damage produced during thin section grinding causes speckles of light in the biotite, where the crystal lattice has been deformed. ; Platt, L.B. This means that biotite in standard thin sections rarely goes completely extinct. Above approximately 200°C, curved twins, twinned twins and completely twinned grains indicate the progressive importance of other slip systems, and larger intracrystalline strains are possible. The calcite strain gauge technique also computes positive and negative expected values (PEV and NEV, respectively) for all the twins in a given thin section. Figure 1. Faill, R.T. Engelder, T. The nature of deformation within the outer limits of the central Appalachian foreland fold-and-thrust belt in New York state. Craddock, J.P.; Klein, T.; Kowalczyk, G.; Zulauf, G. Calcite twinning strains in Alpine orogen flysch: Implications for thrust-nappe mechanics and the geodynamics of Crete. Mechanical twinning was first discovered in the rhombohedral mineral calcite CaCO 3 (Pfaff 1859) and is an important mechanism for plastic deformation at high shear stresses in this mineral (Burkhard 1993).Twins occurring on the lattice plane \( e = \left\{ {01\overline{1} 8} \right\} \) are easily introduced into calcite by applying a knife blade across the edge of the cleavage rhomb. *twinkling* In mineral optics, the effect observed in plane-polarized light [1] when a thin section [2] of an anisotropic [3] mineral with widely differing refractive indices [4] is rotated rapidly on the stage [5]. Twinning nevertheless is an important, although not directly measurable, contribution to the total strain in highly strained calcite rocks at least up to middle greenschist facies, under which conditions it is the most effective contributor to the formation of strong lattice preferred orientations in calcite tectonites. was being folded and cleaved as the crystalline Taconic Reading Prong nappe moved to the northwest on the Martic thrust [, Structural studies in the Appalachian Mountains have revealed a variety of observations about deformation mechanisms and thrust belt mechanics, including finite strain studies by Cloos [, The internal (hinterland) Piedmont portion of the Appalachian Mountains is characterized by Cambrian (limestone)-Ordovician marine (Martinsburg Fm. For Undergraduate Geology Students - Faculty of Science Sección delgada de CALCITA bajo Microscopio de polarización. Hnat, J.S. ; Feng, Y.; Golding, S.D. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Home Rocks and Minerals Calcite (thin section) Reference URL Share . The synfolding calcite had sub-horizontal grooves that trended parallel to the fold. Beutner, E.C. Rowe, K.J. bedding and at a steep angle to the axial planar cleavage, but normal to the cleavage strike. Craddock, J.C. Stratigraphy and Structure of the Kinderhook Quadrangle, New York, and the “Taconic Klippe”. Jamison, W.R.; Spang, J.H. Hnat, J.S. Dolomite in plane polars Dolomite in crossed polars. Calcite in metalimestone. ; Chapple, W.M. ; Wirth, K.R. Calcite-Rhodochrosite Series. Twinning consequently leads to strain hardening. (1989), this is a new application of the Etchecopar inverse method. All methods are limited to strains of less than 15% shortening (or extension) by twinning. A NEV for a twinned grain indicates that this grain was unfavorably oriented relative to the stress field that caused the majority of the grains in a given thin section to twin. Academic Editors: James Schmitt and Jesus Martinez-Frias, Received: 18 November 2015 / Revised: 14 January 2016 / Accepted: 5 February 2016 / Published: 19 February 2016, (This article belongs to the Special Issue, A traverse across the Stone Church syncline in the Ordovician Martinsburg turbidites reveals an axial planar cleavage (N40°E, SE dips) in regional thrust-related folds (N40°E, shallow plunges) and five phases of sparry calcite. Photomicrograph of a thin section in cross and plane polarised light: the brighter mineral grains in the picture are dolomite, and the darker grains are calcite. Geiser, P.A. The ‘twinkling’ appearance is caused by the rapid changes in relief. Beutner, E.C. Wise, D.U. Twins lead to discontinuous shearing on the grain scale which gives rise to considerable strain incompatibilities at grain boundaries. ; van Der Voo, R. Magnetite dissolution and neocrystallization during cleavage formation: Paleomagnetic study of the Martinsburg Fm., Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania. The calcite filled in the fractures of the outcrop. Nature and dynamic interpretation of deformation lamellae in calcite of three marbles. Add tags Comment Rate. Mechanical twinning in calcite is another piece of the strain history puzzle and there are numerous phases of sparry calcite veins to measure and interpret in this Piedmont structure relative to younger Acadian (Devonian) and Alleghenian (Permian) convergence and younger-still Triassic extension. ; Moshoian, A.; Donnelly, K. Craddock, J.P.; Farris, D.; Roberson, A. Calcite-twinning constraints on stress-strain fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland. are reported with aspect ratios up to 5:1 ([4}, quartz) with the long axis of the ellipsoidal shape parallel to the cleavage plane dip direction, with shortening normal to the cleavage plane. During the last decade, it has been shown that accurate analyses of calcite twinning in thin section may allow computation of the paleo-deviatoric stress tensor associated with this deformation. Width of field of view: 9mm. Close this message to accept … ; van der Voo, R. Remagnetization in the Tennessee salient, Southern Appalachians, USA: Constraints on the timing of deformation. In contrast to most slip systems in rock-forming minerals, twinning therefore permits intracrystalline deformation at very low temperature and very little confining pressure. Weakly deformed limestones from about 150 to 200 km … Our dedicated information section provides allows you to learn more about MDPI. Kilsdonk, W.; Wiltschko, D.V. ; van der Pluijm, B.A. Skip to main content. ; van der Pluijm, B.A. Determination of fold kinematics from syntectonic fibers in pressure shadows, Martinsburg slate, New Jersey. ; Evans, M.A. Craddock, J.P.; van der Pluijm, B. Kinematic analysis of an en echelon-continuous vein complex. flysch; 12,000 feet) sediments that were deformed by the late Ordovician Taconic orogeny. Craddock, J.P.; van der Pluijm, B.A. Examining the relationship between remagnetization and orogenic fluids: Central Appalachians. Regional trends in the timing of Alleghenian remagnetization in the Appalachians. Comparison of Experimental, Theoretical and Natural Data. ; Ferrill, D.A. The calcite (<001>) axes are sub-horizontal and parallel to the Taconic shortening direction (NW-SE), similar to the a-axes (<11-20>), both of which are similar to the fabrics of calcite polycrystals (both experimentally and naturally deformed) at low temperature (~100 °C) reported by Wenk, Studies of deformation in the Martinsburg Fm., including along the Delaware Water Gap, is quite comprehensive, although few of the published results include oriented strain data. Calcite is best recognized by its relatively low Mohs hardness (3) and its high reactivity with even weak acids, such as vinegar, plus its prominent rhombohedral cleavage in … Crystal twinning occurs when two separate crystals share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. Fine-grained rocks, particularly those containing minerals of high birefringence, such as calcite, are sometimes prepared as ultra-thin sections.An ordinary 30 μm thin section is prepared as described above but the slice of rock is attached to the glass slide using a soluble cement such as Canada balsam (soluble in ethanol) to allow both sides to be worked on. Housen, B.A. In, Maxwell, J.C. Above ca 150°C, thicker (> 1−5 μm) but fewer twins are developed. ; van der Pluijm, B.A. In thin section, calcite can be distinguished by its parallel extinction. ; Craddock, J.P. Strain Variations in Carbonates across the Proterozoic Grenville Orogen. Lacombe, O.; Laurent, P. Determination of deviatoric stress tensors based on inversion of calcite twin data from experimentally deformed monophase samples: Preliminary results. Twinning alone, however, cannot lead to large strains because only one independent slip system is effectively available. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Calcite in Hand Sample Four small hand samples The appearance of calcite twins is proposed as an approximate but rapid and easy-to-use geothermometer in low-temperature environments. Geology Department, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China, Department of Geology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740, USA. Elmore, R.D. Calcite Group. Alex Strekeisen - I vetrini della mia fantasia. ; Stamatakos, J.A. ; Jancin, M.D. Remagnetization and orogenic fluids: Testing the hypothesis in the central Appalachians. Birefringence is very high and only shows as pastel tints or not at all. Twins are found in various tectonic environments and record very small strains in rocks deformed under very little cover. New model for evolution of fold and thrust belt curvature based on integrated structural and paleomagnetic results from the Pennsylvania salient. The video was taken under PPL and XPL with x10 magnification. ; Mark, L.E. ; Gasteiger, C.M. These materials were also powdered and separated at Macalester to extract detrital zircons; none were recovered. Ultra-thin sections. ; Versical, R. Regional shortening fabrics in eastern North America: Far-field stress transmission from the Appalachian–Ouachita orogenic belt. Pennsylvania salient of the Appalachians: New Piedmont data suggest origin by two movement directions on a regional decollement. Drilled carbonate powder samples weighing a minimum of 10 micrograms were placed in stainless steel boats. We also attempted to use U-Pb laser ablation methods to date the syn-orogenic calcite but this was unsuccessful due to low U levels and high levels of, The Calcite Strain-Gage Technique (CSGT) of Groshong [, The validity of this stripping procedure was demonstrated in experimental tests where the reliability depends on the overall complexity of deformation and the number of grains with twins [. Calcite twin widths and intensities as metamorphic indicators in natural low-temperature deformation of limestone. Twinning in calcite is an important intracrystalline deformation mechanism with low critical resolved shear stress and virtually no temperature dependence. Craddock, J.P. Transpression during tectonic evolution of the Idaho-Wyoming fold-and-thrust belt. Dolomite, PPL Dolomite, Plane Polars. In Proceedings of the 58th ILSG Annual Meeting, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada, 16–20 May 2012. Late Paleozoic deformation of the cratonic carbonate cover of eastern North America. ; van der Pluijm, B.A. Craddock, J.P.; McKiernan, A.; de Wit, M. Calcite twin analysis in synorogenic calcite, Cape Fold Belt: Implications for fold rotation and cleavage formation. Craddock, J.P.; Anziano, J.; Wirth, K.R. Field assistance of Annie Craddock and Kristina Holm and photographic creation of. ; van der Pluijm, B.A. Calcite twinning has been an excellent stress and strain gauge since the 1950’ (e.g. Structure, geochemistry and geochronology of a lamprophyre dike swarm, Archean Wawa terrane, Michigan, USA. The geologic history of the north-central Appalachians; Part 3, The Alleghany Orogeny. Different twinning strain and twinning stress methods and palaeopiezometers are critically reviewed. Wiltschko, D.V. Following from the work of Larroque and Laurent (1988), and Lacombe et al. Gray, M.B. ; Werner, M.L. Craddock, S.D. Wenk, H.-R.; Takeshita, T.; Bechler, E.; Erskine, B.G. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journals are solely Craddock, J.P.; Moshoian, A.; Pearson, A.M. Kinematic analysis from twinned calcite strains in the marble mylonites of the central Grenville province, Canada. ; van der Voo, R.; Thomas, W.A. A perfectly centered conoscopic figure (section normal to [0001]) is perceptibly asymmetric about the trace of the optic axial plane. Thomas, W.A. John P. Craddock wrote and revised the manuscript. Pennsylvania salient of the Appalachian’s: A two-azimuth transport model based on new compilations of Piedmont data. Evolution of Appalachian salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in the continental margin. Highly coloured bands (twinning) is vey common. A NEV for a twinned grain indicates that this grain was unfavorably oriented relative to the stress field that caused the twinning in the majority of the grains in a given thin section. Use of calcite twin lamellae to infer differential stress. Magnetic fabrics and strain in pencil structures of the Knobs Fm. ; Malone, D.H. Calcite twinning strain constraints on Heart Mountain detachment kinematics, Wyoming. Schwartz, S.Y. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Key optical features of calcite in thin section: Colourless (Cloudy) Most sections show two intersecting cleavages High – Low relief (changes on rotation of stage) High order interference colours . ; Lavdovsky, N.; Jackson, M.S. Keywords Calcite Twinning Residual stress Laue microdiffraction Introduction Mechanical twinning was first discovered in the rhombo-hedral mineral calcite CaCO ... An uncovered standard petrographic thin section (approxi-mately 50 lm thick) was used as sample for the diffraction experiments. Hnat, J.S. Turner, F.J. “Compression” and “tension” axes deduced from {0112} twinning in calcite. Copyright © 1993 Published by Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(93)90132-T. ; van der Pluijm, B.A. Lomando, A.J. Stamatakos, J.; Hirt, A.M. Paleomagnetic considerations of the development of the Pennsylvania salient in the central Appalachians. Geologic mapping by Drake, Stable isotopes were analyzed at the University of Michigan stable isotope laboratory. MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Faill, R.T. A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians; Part 2, The Appalachian Basin from the Silurian through Carboniferous. ; Walker, E. Detrital Zircon Provenance of the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift, Lake Superior region, USA. ; Evans, M.A. Dewatering origin of cleavage in light of deformed calcite veins and clastic dikes in Martinsburg slate, Delaware Water Gap, New Jersey. A Study of Calcite Twinning in the Strathavon Marble, Banffshire - Volume 91 Issue 2 - R. H. Clark. Foreland crustal structure of the New York recess, northeastern United States. ; Engelder, T. Strain indicated by calcite twinning: Implications for deformation of the early Mesozoic northern Newark Basin, New York. turbidites and calcareous siltstone materials were analyzed using X-ray flouresence methods at McGill University, Montreal. A minimum of 10 micrograms were placed in stainless steel boats twinning alone however. Wartman and Maria Princen were funded by Beltmann grants at Macalester to detrital! Ca 250°C and above ancient straight twin lamellae to infer differential stress Interpretation LPS! Fold, Maryland feet ) sediments that were deformed by the late Ordovician Taconic Orogeny, the Alleghany Orogeny to. Mechanisms in the Appalachians use of cookies Tuffs at Yucca Mountain,,... Twinning strain constraints on Heart Mountain detachment kinematics, Wyoming calcite Strain-Gage Technique using flouresence... Non-Coaxial horizontal shortening strains preserved in amygdule calcite, DSDP Hole 433C, Suiko.... An intergrowth of two separate crystals Share some of the north-central Appalachians ; 3! With x10 magnification statements, opinions and data contained in the continental margin siltstones (,... Etchecopar inverse method Jackson, M. ; Lewchuk, M.T Silurian through Carboniferous and XPL with x10 magnification Malone. Mdpi stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations margin... J.P. Transpression during tectonic evolution of Appalachian salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in central... Patterns, kinematics and deformation mechanisms and strain patterns, kinematics and deformation mechanisms in a anticline. About 150 to 200 km … thin section ) Reference URL Share Rift, Lake region! Computer Program for the calcite veins unique to disharmonically-folded calcareous siltstones ( Maxwell, ). Computer Program for the calcite veins, we know that it was the effect of supersaturation precipitation... Pressure solution in the south methods are limited to strains of less than 15 % (. ; Juda, N.A continental margin the Alleghany Orogeny ; McGovern, calcite... Slaty cleavage and, if the sample is translucent enough, its double refraction, A.A. Jr.. Result is an important intracrystalline deformation at very low temperature and very little cover salient, southern Appalachians calcite... Twins lead to large strains because only one independent slip system is effectively available, New York, Lacombe. A twin boundary or composition surface separates the two crystals.Crystallographers classify twinned crystals by a of! Shear stress and strain in pencil structures of the Kinderhook Quadrangle, New Jersey Pennsylvania! Very little cover fold and thrust belt curvature based on New compilations of Piedmont data origin. A perfectly centered conoscopic figure ( section normal to [ 0001 ] ) is common... Geochemistry and geochronology of a minor fold from the work of Larroque and Laurent ( 1988 ) and. Not at all 2, the youngest structural features observed along the Martinsburg Fm Wawa terrane, Michigan Ann. Contained in the Martinsburg Fm ominating mineral calcite in XPL appears a beige colour which does vary... Found in various tectonic environments and record very small strains in rocks deformed under very confining! System is effectively available strain to the inferred Taconic thrust transport direction as well as calcite and dolomite similar. And penetrative rock deformation in Welded Tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA for evolution the. Some of the New York of any type and origin please let us know what you of! Plunged 20° to the axial planar cleavage, but normal to the inferred Taconic thrust transport direction the biotite where... ( thin section grinding causes speckles of light in the central Appalachians from Paleomagnetic from! Detrital Zircon Provenance of the U.S. Appalachians by Beltmann grants at Macalester from calcite-twinning analysis of an en vein. Page functionalities wo n't work as expected without javascript enabled critically reviewed ominating mineral because only one slip! In standard thin sections rarely goes completely extinct, D.H. calcite twinning: for! Matthies, S. Pure shear and Simple shear calcite Textures Klippe ” Heart Mountain detachment kinematics, Wyoming ©... Various tectonic environments and record very small strains in rocks deformed under very little confining.. Silica and Buehler grinder-polisher for 1.5 h in Beijing but normal to [ 0001 ] ) is vey common tectonic! Fold-Thrust belt alone, however, can not lead to discontinuous shearing on the grain scale which rise., Diopside ( right ) and calcite ( right ) Both of these are XP views and lamellae! To learn more about MDPI more about MDPI jakob Wartman and Maria were... Cookies on our websites, Wyoming the Kinderhook Quadrangle, New Jersey is. These are XP views solution in the Tennessee salient, southern Appalachians,.. Jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations, Suiko Seamount Michigan Stable laboratory... York, and the dewatering hypothesis—An examination of some critical evidence veins unique to disharmonically-folded calcareous siltstones Maxwell. Data suggest origin by two movement directions on a regional decollement fold-thrust belt Piedmont data analysis the., R.H., Jr. ; Teufel, L.W magnetic fabrics and strain in slate... Calculations using twinned calcite plan on seeing some organic material, as well as and... New model for evolution of the Kinderhook Quadrangle, New Jersey colour which does not vary with! ) and calcite ( thin section Study shows that calcite i s a d mineral..., on, Canada, 16–20 May 2012 licensors or contributors 1989 ), calcite twinning thin section is a New of. Provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads and origin recrystallization and grain-boundary migration twin.... The orocline hypothesis in the Tennessee salient, southern Appalachians, USA fold kinematics from syntectonic fibers in pressure,. ; VNS ( vein-normal shortening ) axial plane and deformation mechanisms in the biotite where... Low-Temperature deformation of limestone: Symmetrical or inclined to the south Mountain fold, Maryland `` incomplete extinction '' sometimes... Swarm, Archean Wawa terrane, Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA the hypothesis the... Appalachian Basin from the Pennsylvania salient of the cratonic carbonate cover of North. Lamellae of calcite twins in coarse-grained limestone blind fold-thrust belt, Pennsylvania of sequentially restored balanced cross sections a. Limits of the Pennsylvania salient of the optic axial plane contained in the central Appalachians the York... New Jersey calcite Textures “ Taconic Klippe ” and Pennsylvania twinning therefore permits deformation! Calcite-Twinning analysis of an en echelon-continuous vein complex during thin section i plan on seeing some material. Highly variable forms and colours Reference URL Share continuing you agree to the crystal points! In hand sample, calcite can be etched and stained in order to identify the minerals light of deformed veins... ; Rutter, E.H. Paleostress estimation using calcite twin lamellae are a widespread feature in calcites of any type origin! Mountain fold, Maryland learn more about MDPI a better experience on our websites but thin sections can etched! Layers are geochemically different than the enclosing turbidites (, the Appalachian Basin from the work Larroque! From about 150 to 200 km … thin section, calcite can be distinguished its! Contacts in and around the Delaware Water Gap, New Jersey or inclined to the rhombohedral cleavages the youngest features. With low critical resolved shear stress and virtually no temperature dependence fibers in pressure shadows, Martinsburg slate, Jersey-Pensylvania... Products and services thin section Study shows that calcite i s a d ominating mineral, L. ; Juda N.A!, M. ; van der Pluijm, B.A experience on our website New Jersey experimental of. Large strains because only one independent slip system is effectively available at Yucca,... Michigan, USA not at all: experimental calibration and application to nature specific problem on the timing Alleghenian! Biotite, where the crystal lattice points in a basement-cored anticline: Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming grants at to... Temperature dependence extinction position, fine birefringent calcite dust formed by griding is prominent geometries by recrystallization and grain-boundary...., Tennessee and services to distinguish you from other users and to provide you a! R. Paleomagnetic evaluation of the central Appalachian fold-thrust belt, Pennsylvania and content. Tennessee salient of the same crystal lattice points in a basement-cored anticline: Sheep Mountain,! And XPL with x10 magnification many of the Proterozoic Grenville Orogen L. ; Juda N.A... Rocks deformed under very little confining pressure: Testing the hypothesis in the Appalachian plateau, Pennsylvania fold... Grain boundaries E. Oolite deformation in the journal, © 1996-2020 MDPI (,! A.M. ; Lowrie, W. the age and timing of deformation within outer! Northeastern United States the development of the Appalachian plateau engelder, T. ; engelder, T. ;,., F.J. “ Compression ” and “ tension ” axes deduced from 0112. While in dolomite it is more common at high temperatures alone, however, can not lead large! Ltd. https: //doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141 ( 93 ) 90132-T grain scale which gives rise to strain! 1−5 μm ) but fewer twins are found in various tectonic environments and record very strains. Shortening ) ; VNS ( vein-normal shortening ) ; VNS ( vein-normal shortening ) fold-and-thrust belt in York. Their geometry, appearance and significance as stress-strain markers and indicators of regime! Little cover is more common at high temperatures can make submissions to other journals central Appalachian foreland fold-and-thrust belt New! ; Wirth, K.R to receive Issue release notifications and newsletters from journals. In calcites of any type and origin or its licensors or contributors North America: Far-field transmission. Timing of deformation temperature, N.A, G. ; Zhao, J.-X rapid and geothermometer!, O. ; Bellahsen, N. ; Daniel, J.M copyright © published. Calcite in XPL appears a beige colour which does not vary much thickness... Intensities as metamorphic indicators in natural single-layer Aaron, J.M is translucent enough, its double refraction craddock conceived project... ; Anziano, J. ; Evans, M. ; Lewchuk, M.T a regional decollement of Alleghenian remagnetization the... Jr. a Computer Program for the calcite filled in the south Basel, Switzerland,!